Project 2001Legal Framework For The Commercial Use Of Outer SpaceInstitute of Air and Space Law of the University of CologneDirector and Chair-Holder: Prof. Dr. Stephan Hobe, LL.M. co-sponsored by: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. DLR - German Aerospace Center |
Technical Notes
University of Cologne | Institute of Air and Space-Law | Homepage
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International Space Law Instruments |
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Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. | |
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The Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (1968) | |
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Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects | |
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Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (1975) | |
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Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1979) | |
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United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (OOSA) This site also contains the UN Declarations and Principles on the use of outer space |
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U.N. Resolution 41/65, Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space | |
International Organisations |
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ESA: Convention on the Establishment of a European Space Agency (Excerpts) | |
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ESA: Declaration by certain European Governments on the production phase of the Ariane launcher on 20-21 May 1980 (Excerpts: Preambule and 1.4) | |
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ESA-Document ESA/PB-EO(90)57, rev. 6, ESA - Earth Observation Programme Board, Principles of the provision of ERS Data to Users | |
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European Space Agency: The Envisat Data Policy, Paris, 19 February 1998, ESA/PB-EO(97)57 rev.3 | |
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Resolution EUM/C/98/RES. IV adopted at the 38th. Meeting of the Eumetsat Council on 1-3 July 1998 on EUMETSAT Principles on Data Policy | |
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ITU: Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, Geneva 1992 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Instrument amending the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, Kyoto 1994 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Instrument amending the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, Minneapolis 1998 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Geneva 1992 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Instrument amending the Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Kyoto 1994 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Instrument amending the Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, Minneapolis 1998 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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ITU: Global Mobile Personal Cummunications by Satellite Menorandum of Understanding, Geneva, 6-7 October 1997 This is a commercial site. Online-Publications are accessible for members only. |
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WTO: General Agreement on Trade in Services, Annex on Telecommunications | |
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WTO: Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Tetchnology Products, Singapore, 13 December 1996 | |
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INMARSAT: Convention on the International Mobile Satellite Organization | |
"National and Regional Space Laws and Policies" |
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Legal Framework For Privatising Space Activities |
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Australia: Space Activities Act 1998, No. 123, 1998 | |
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The parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Senate: Explanatory Memorandum on the Space Activities Bill 1998, Circulated by authority of the Minister for Industry, Science and Research, Senator the Honorable Nick Minchin | |
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Law Concerning the National Space Development Agency of Japan, Law No. 50 of June 23, 1969, as amended (Tentative Translation into English) | |
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Russian Federation: Law on Space Activity 1993 (Translation), October 6, 1993 | |
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South Africa Space Affairs Act No. 84 of 1993 | |
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South Africa Space Affairs Act No. 84 of 1993 Amendment of 5 October 1995 | |
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Sweden: Act on Space Activities (1982: 963) | |
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Sweden: Decree on Space Activities (1982: 1069) | |
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UK: Outer Space Act 1986 | |
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United States: NASA Autorization Act 1991, Title II | |
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United States: The White House - National Science and Technology Council, Fact Sheet on National Space Policy, Press Release September 19, 1996 | |
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United States: Public Law 105-303: Commercial Space Act 1998 | |
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United States: 15 USC Chapter 84 - Commercial Space Competitiveness | |
Commercial Launch Activities |
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United States: The White House Fact Sheet - Statement on National Space Transportation Policy, August 5, 1994 | |
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United States: 49 USC Chapter 701 - Commercial Space Launch Activities | |
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United States: 106th Congress, 1st. Session, Bill S. 832 IS: Commercial space launch industry indemnification extension | |
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United States: Title 14 US Code of Federal Regulations (Aeronautics and Space) Chapter III Commercial Space Transportation - Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation | |
Legal Remote Sensing Issues |
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US Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 | |
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Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Space Systems NOAA | |
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United States: The White House - Press release from the Office of the Press Secretary: Statement by the Press Secretary and Fact Sheet on Foreign Access to Remote Sensing Capabilities, March 10, 1994 | |
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US Code of Federal Regulations - Commerce and Foreign Trade 15 - Part 960 Licensing of private remote-sensing space systems | |
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US Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 15 CFR, Licensing of Private Land Remote Sensing Space Systems, Notice of proposed rulemaking, Federal Register, Vol 62, No. 212, p.59317 | |
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EU-Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases | |
Telecommunication |
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European Community: Directive 97/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 April 1997 on a common framework for general authorization and individual licences in the field of telecommunications services | |
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Germany: Telecommunications Act of 25 July 1996 | |
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United States of America: US Code Title 47 - Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs; Chapter 5 - Wire or Radio Communication; Table of Contents | |
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United States of America: US Code Title 47 - Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs; Chapter 6 - Communications Satellite Systems | |
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United States of America: Public Law 106 - 180 of 22 March 2000 | |
International Space Station (ISS) |
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Intergovernmental Agreement on the International Space Station | |
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Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and ESA Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station | |
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Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and CSA Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station | |
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Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and RSA Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station | |
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Intellectual Property and the International Space Station: Creation, Use, Transfer and Ownership and Protection - prepared by the Office of the General Counsel of NASA - | |
Other Projects and International Cooperation |
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European Commission: Communication on Galileo - Involving Europe in a New Generation of Satellite Navigation Services, Brussels, 4th June 1999 | |
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European Commission, Galileo Task Force on Private Public Partnership: Report to Commissioner Neil Kinnock, Brussels, 4th June 1999 | |
Export Control |
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Council Regulation (EC) No. 3381/94 of 19 December 1994 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use goods | |
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European Union (94D0942), 94/942/CFSP: Council Decision of 19 December 1994 | |
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United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency: The Missile Technology Control Regime (Summary) | |
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Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Guidelines as of January 7, 1993 | |
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United States: Public Law 105-261: Strom Thurmond National Defense Autorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (H.R.3616, 105th Congress, 10/17/98); Excerpts: Table of Contents and Division A, Title XV, Subtitle B: Satellite Export Controls | |
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Title 22 US Code Chapter 39, Arms Export Control, Subchapter III - Military Export Controls (Sections 2778 - 2781) | |
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United States: Code of Federal Regulations, revised as of April 1, 1999 Title 22 Chapter I - Foreign Relations - Department of State Part 120 Purpose and Definitions (excerpts) | |
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United States: Code of Federal Regulations, revised as of April 1, 1999 Title 22 Chapter I - Foreign Relations - Department of State Part 121: The United States Munitions List | |
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United States: Code of Federal Regulations, revised as of April 1, 1999 Title 22 Chapter I - Foreign Relations - Department of State Part 124 - Agreements, Off-Shore Procurement and other Defense Services | |
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls |
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a. Plenary on 11 and 12 July 1996 | |
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b. Initial Elements, as adopted by the Plenary of 11-12 July 1996 | |
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c. Elements for objective analysis and advice concerning potentially destabilising accumulations of conventional weapons, incl. Explanatory Note | |
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d. Public Statement, December 10, 1997, Vienna, Austria | |
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e. Public Statement, December 3, 1998, Vienna, Austria | |
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f. Public Statement, December 3, 1999, Vienna, Austria | |
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g. Wassenaar List of dual Use Goods and Technologies and Munitions List (Excerpts) | |
Trade Arrangements |
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Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Peoples Republic of China regarding international trade in commercial launch services, 13 March 1995 | |
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Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Peoples Republic of China to amend the Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Peoples Republic of China regarding international trade in commercial launch services, 27 October 1997 | |
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Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation regarding international trade in commercial space launch services, 2 September 1993 | |
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Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation to amend the "Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation regarding international Trade in Commercial Space Launch Services", 3 January 1996 | |
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Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Ukraine regarding international trade in commercial space launch services, 21 February 1996 This Arrangement has been repealed. |
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Any questions about the content of this site or Project 2001? Please contact Susanne Reif If you have technical suggestions or want to report a broken link, then please send an e-mail to Tim Dederich Last Update: 06/26/2001 |